Reasoning by Analogy is a form of inductive reasoning. An analogy displays the logical relationship between two separate and similar things. The analogy concludes the argument because if the first premise has a guaranteed conclusion, the second also must.
Ex: Sally had braces, now she has straight teeth. Polly has braces. Polly will have straight teeth.
Sign Reasoning is when two or more things are so tightly related that the existence or nonexistence of one indicates existence or nonexistence of the other.
Ex. Where there is a bathroom, there is a toilet.
Casual Reasoning is the reasoning that describes the relationship between a cause and the effects.
Ex. Sarah ate a burger, now she is full.
The cause is that Sarah ate a burger, which led to the effect of her being full.
Reasoning by Criteria is when you identify the criteria of an outcome of a decision, and then identify the best decision with the criteria.
Ex. I want to smell good. How about looking at some perfumes?
Reasoning by Example is the use of examples in an argument.
Ex: You should use sun block at the beach. I didn’t last week, and got severe sunburn.
Inductive Reasoning is inferring on something unobserved based on previous observation.
Ex: I ate this bread yesterday and got a stomach ache. If I eat the same bread today, I will get a stomach ache again.
Deductive Reasoning is reasoning that an argument is valid because the argument’s conclusion must be true when the premises are also true.
Ex: All humans have legs. Jane is a human. Jane has legs.
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